Biography:

Nouf Mohammad Aloraini, King Saud University School of Medicine, Riyadh, SA.

Abstract:

With a high prevalence of non communicable diseases and its risk factors among the Saudi Arabian population, the present study was conducted to determine the levels and pattern of physical activity behavior of the youth with reference to their parents’ diabetes/hypertension status. A cross sectional study was performed in higher secondary schools and university. Multistage cluster random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 450 subjects aged 15-25 years. All types of physical activity performed in daily routine were recorded using a validated questionnaire. Data was reported as mean or median physical activity hours for normal and skewed data and corresponding test of significance was applied.: There was a high prevalence of sedentary behavior among the overall population (76.5 median hours per week). Female gender (p<0.002) and transition to university (p<0.000) showed increased sedentarism. Subjects whose both parents were affected with diabetes showed least sedentary behavior [70 (19) mean hours per week] and higher levels of moderate (2.25 median hours per week; p<0.025) and strenuous physical activity (1.25 median hours per week; p<0.034). Maternal diabetes also showed significant influence in improving the physical activity of the subjects. Presence of maternal history of hypertension or both parents affected by hypertension did not make any significant impact on the physical activity pattern of their offsprings. Increased physical activity was observed only among those who had family history of diabetes. Otherwise the normal population showed a typical sedentary lifestyle reflecting on the questionable effectiveness of national programs on physical activity.

Biography:

Tigist W. Leulseged, Department of Internal medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract:

Background: Diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose. Poorly managed diabetes leads to serious complications and early death. The prevalence of diabetes has been increasing over the past few decades. Ethiopia is one of African countries with the highest number of people living with diabetes. Studies conducted in Ethiopia and other countries mainly focused on level of glycaemic control at one point in time. Studies targeting the time that a patient stayed in a poor glycaemic level are lacking.

Objectives: To estimate time to first optimal glycaemic control and to identify prognostic factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in public teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: A hospital based retrospective chart review study was conducted from April to July 2018 at diabetes clinic of Addis Ababa’s public teaching among randomly selected sample of 685 charts of T2DM patients who were on follow up from January 1 2013 to June 30 2017. Data was collected using pretested data abstraction tool. Data was checked, coded and entered to Epi-Info V.7.2.1.0 and exported to SPSS V.23.0 and STATA V.14.1 for analysis. Descriptive statistics is presented with frequency tables, Kaplan Meier plots and median survival times. Association was done using Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard survival model, where hazard ratio, P-value and 95% CI for hazard ratio were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.

Results: Median time to first optimal glycaemic control among the study population was 9.5 months. The major factors that affect it are age group (HR=0.635, 95% CI: 0.486-0.831 for 50-59 years, HR=0.558, 95% CI: 0.403-0.771for 60-69 years and HR=0.495, 95% CI: 0.310-0.790 for >=70 years), diabetes neuropathy (HR=0.502, 95% CI: 0.375-0.672), more than one complication (HR=0.381, 95% CI: 0.177-0.816), hypertension (HR=0.611, 95% CI: 0.486-0.769), dyslipidemia (HR=0.609, 95% CI: 0.450-0.824), cardiovascular disease (HR=0.670, 95% CI: 0.458-0.979) and hospital patient treated at (HR=1.273, 95% CI: 1.052-1.541).

Conclusions: Median time to first optimal glycaemic control among T2DM patients is longer than expected which might imply that patients are being exposed to more risk of complication and death.

Biography:

Background:

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin ^[1]. Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid or low thyroid, is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone ^[2]. Thyroid diseases and diabetes mellitus are the two most common endocrine disorders encountered in clinical practice ^[3]. Hyper- and hypothyroidism have been associated with insulin resistance, which has been reported to be the major cause of impaired glucose metabolism in diabetes mellitus type 2 ^[4].

Objectives:
General Objective:

The main aim of this study to investigate the prevalence of Hypothyroidism among patient with type two diabetes mellitus in security forces hospital Riyadh – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Specific objectives:

Determine the correlation between Hypothyroidism and following factors; Age, Gender, Body Mass and Chronic Diseases.

Method:

A retrospective cross-sectional study was done on 300 patients who diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and regularly attended the diabetic center for care for one year at security forces hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All patients underwent a clinical and laboratory evaluation.

Results:

Out of 300 randomly selected type 2 diabetic patients with hypothyroidism; 82% have TSH level ranged between 0.5 to 5.0 µIU/dl (group1), 13% have TSH level > 5.0 µIU/dl (group 2) and 5% were missed data. A statistically significant association existed between BMI and HbA1c l level and TSH level. However, Age, Blood pressure, Fasting blood glucose, Low-density lipoprotein, High-density lipoprotein, Triglyceride and Cholesterol  were not significantly associated with the TSH level. In addition, there was a statistically significant association between HbA1C level and type of treatment received by our population but Fasting blood glucose level was not significant. Regarding the TSH level, out of 285 patients; 9.5% were diagnosed normal and 90.5% were diagnosed abnormal regarding to the TSH level.

Abstract:

Biography:

Davies K. Chisenga Northern Biomedical Sciences College, Zambia

Abstract:

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that occurs when the human body is not able to produce enough of the hormone insulin or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced by the alpha and beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, as a result there is high glucose level above 3.5 to 6.5mmol/l in the body because these cells regulate the entry of glucose into and out side of the cells for energy production. There are two major types of diabetes, Type 1 Diabetes, in which there is malfunctioning pancreas and can’t regulate blood sugar. Type 2 Diabetes happens when pancreas stops producing enough insulin and secondly, when the body stops absorbing and using insulin correctly. Inflammation has been implicated as a possible origin of numerous local and systemic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders,^] diabetes mellitus and celiac disease

This study explored the use of Bidens pilosa extract as the cure for both type 1&2 after 60 days of administration.

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of Bidens pilosa leaf extract in diabetic and hypertensive clients.

To determine the blood sugar level in the study population.

. Methodology

The Randomised Stratified (block) experimental design was used in this research, and the sample size was 50 subjects were tested prior to a treatment for high blood sugar, and the same subjects are tested again after treatment with a blood-sugar lowering medication. By comparing the same patient's results before and after treatment, we are effectively using each patient as their own control.

Results

Bidens pilosa extract has been used during the study on 64 clients in Zambia, whose blood sugar levels ranged from 10mmol/L to 35mmol/L. After administration for 60 days the mean blood sugar levels in sample population was 6.2mmol/L. with std +_ 2.3  while the chisquare asymptomatic significance at 0.927 at start and after drug administration 0.128.

 The point probability was 0.022.

The Exact significance at start was 0.949 while after drug administration was 0.134.

The T-test paired correration  was 0.236 while the significance was 0.098,CI=.95

Therefore the null hypothesis  is accepted that Bidens pilosa extract can cure by 98% of  type 1,type II diabetes and hypertension than the conventional medicine.

CONCLUSION

Bidens pilosa extract can cure by 98% of  type 1,type II diabetes and hypertension than the conventional medicine It exhibited good efficacy and showed antibacterial properties to gram negative bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract .